-------------- --------------
Volume 8, Issue 2 (Semi-Annual 2024)                   JIC 2024, 8(2): 45-61 | Back to browse issues page


XML Persian Abstract Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Mohammadzadeh M, Pourzolfgar R, Rafiei M. Study of the Halkari Technique in Book Decoration during the Safavid Period (Based on the 1558 Manuscript of the Chester Beatty Museum). JIC 2024; 8 (2) :45-61
URL: http://jih-tabriziau.ir/article-1-363-en.html
1- Faculty of Fine Arts, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey , m.mohammadzadeh@tabriziau.ac.ir
2- Department of Iranian Painting, Faculty of Visual Arts, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran
Abstract:   (983 Views)
The Halkari technique is a refined art form used in the decoration of illuminated manuscripts and rare books. It flourished during various historical periods, particularly in the Safavid era. This study focuses on the 1558 Quran manuscript housed in the Chester Beatty Museum, analyzing its Halkari decorations to explore the evolution of this technique during the Safavid period. Using a library-based, descriptive-analytical approach, the research examines Halkari works from the Safavid Shiraz school, with the 1558 Quran selected as a case study due to its documented origins and the signature of a renowned Shirazi artist. This manuscript exemplifies the sophistication of Halkari, featuring harmonious designs applied to the text and margins with Eslimi and khatai motifs. The balanced use of gold, azure, white, black, and crimson colors, combined with precise symmetry, reflects the unique aesthetics of the Safavid period. The study reveals that Halkari played a prominent role in Safavid illumination art, creating visually stunning and symmetrical compositions. The 1558 Quran stands as a testament to the artistic innovation and enduring traditions of the Shiraz school, highlighting the transformative yet continuous nature of Safavid art.
Full-Text [PDF 1895 kb]   (68 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Original Research | Subject: 3
Received: 2025/01/5 | Accepted: 2025/03/11 | Published: 2025/03/17

References
1. Ajand, Yaqub, 2008, The School of Painting in Shiraz, Tehran: Academy of Art Publications. [in Persian]
2. Ajand, Yaqub, 2010, History of Iran during the Safavid period, Tehran: Jami.[in Persian]
3. Afshar, Hamid, Sahrāpeyma, Neda, 2016, Thesaurus of Handicrafts and Traditional Arts (Calligraphy and Manuscripts). Tehran: Iranology Foundation. [in Persian]
4. Azimi, Habibollah, 2014, The Shiraz School in Manuscripts of Iran, Tehran: Organization of Documents and Libraries of the Islamic Republic of Iran. [in Persian]
5. Çicek derman, Fatma,1997, Halkare TDV Encyclopedia of Islam. 15th vol. Istanbul: Turkish Diyanet Foundation, n.d. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/halkari
6. Ghafoorifar, Fatemeh, Mohammadzadeh, Mehdi, Rahim, Charkhi, 2022, A Study of the Visual Features of the Signs of Quranic llumination of the Timurid Era Preserved in the Holy Threshold Museum of Qom, .7,No .4,V. [in Persian] [DOI:10.52547/ami.2022.1298.1121]
7. Khalili, Nasser, 2000, Lacquer Works (The Khalili Collection of Islamic Art), Azimuth Publishing & Noor Foundation: Tehran. [in Persian]
8. Khalili, Nasser, 2002, After Timur's Message, Behtash: Tehran, Karang Publications. [in Persian]
9. Monshi Qomi Qazi, Ahmad, 2004, Golestan Honar Ahmad, Soheili, Tehran: Monouchehri Publications. [in Persian]
10. Paydar Fard, Arezu, 2010, Aesthetic of the Decorations of Qurans from the Safavid Era, Master's Thesis in Art Research, Tarbiat Modares University. [in Persian]
11. Rafiei, Milad, 2017, Design and Implementation of Quranic Illumination Based on a Comparative Study of Timurid and Safavid Samples from the Shiraz School Preserved in the Library of Astan Quds Razavi, Faculty of Applied Arts, Islamic Art University of Tabriz, Iran. [in Persian]
12. Rahim Nia, Zeynab, 2017, Study of the Concepts of Quranic Approval with Emphasis on the Quranic Basis during the Safavid Period at the Museum of Astan Quds Razavi, Master's Degree in Handicrafts, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Science and Art. [in Persian]
13. Motaghedi, Kianoush, 2012, Rouzbehān of Shiraz, a Genius of Calligraphy and Illumination. [in Persian]
14. Motaghedi, Kianoush, 2013, The Rouzbehān Family of Shiraz, Tehran: Golestan Honar Publications. [in Persian]
15. Shafighi, Neda, 2016, An Examination of the Evolution of Decorative Pages of the Quran from the 5th to the 12th Century, Master's Thesis, Iran, Tabriz, Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Faculty of Islamic Art, Art Research Group. [in Persian]
16. Sharifi, Somayeh, Chitsazaan, Amirhossein, 2018, A Study of the Evolution of Quran Illumination in the Timurid, Safavid, and Qajar Periods, Bi-monthly Scientific Journal of Research in Art and Humanities, Year 3. [in Persian]
17. Shayegh Far, Mahnaz, 2001, Elements of Shia in the Miniature Painting of the Timurids and Safavids, Islamic Art Studies Institute. [in Persian]
18. Talekani, Mona, 2016, Design and Implementation of Illumination Based on Existing Samples in the Works of Rouzbeh Mohammad Shirazi, Faculty of Applied Arts, University of Islamic Arts, Tabriz, Iran [in Persian]
19. Uluc, Lale. 2006. Turkmen dovernors, shiraz artisans and ottoman collectors ( shiraz manuscripts). Istanbul, Turkiye Bankasi, H- turk publisher.
20. Wright, Elaine Julia. March 2009. Islam: Faith, art, culture ( manuscripts of the Chester beatty library). Scala publisher.

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2025 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Journal of Islamic Crafts

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb