year 7, Issue 1 (Semi-Annual 2023)
JIC 2023, 7(1): 61-74 |
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DolgariSharaf M, Attarzadeh A. Introducing and classifying the cutting motifs of the glass works in the Qajar Museum of Tabriz. JIC 2023; 7 (1) :61-74
URL: http://jih-tabriziau.ir/article-1-242-en.html
URL: http://jih-tabriziau.ir/article-1-242-en.html
1- Master of Handicrafts, Department of Islamic Art, Faculty of Arts, Sourah University, Tehran, Iran. , mdolgarisharaf@gmail.com
2- Assistant professor, Department of Islamic Arts, Soore Universty, Tehran, Iran.
2- Assistant professor, Department of Islamic Arts, Soore Universty, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract: (2369 Views)
Glass cutting is one of the most important decorative methods in glassmaking, which has been the focus of Iranian artists and craftsmen since centuries. During the Qajar era, with the increase of Iran's relations with European countries and the introduction of western quality glass with various cut decorations, this ancient art received the attention of Iranian artists and continued, so that many of the common methods of that era are in the works of contemporary artists. is also visible. In the Qajar Museum of Tabriz, a collection of such precious and luxurious glass with various and delicate cut decorations is kept, which has been analyzed in the present research.The glass works in the Qajar Museum of Tabriz are located in a hall called Abgineh, on the first floor. After its establishment in 1385, part of these works were transferred to this center from the Azerbaijan Museum and the other part from the National Museum of Iran and the Cultural Heritage Department of Tehran. In this hall, 120 glass works with various and different decorative forms and techniques are exhibited, some of which have carved decorations. 27 examples of the mentioned works have been studied as a statistical population. Study examples have been introduced using the table. In this way, variables such as the name of the work and the cutting plans of each work have been described first, and then analyzed to obtain formal and semantic characteristics. Examining each work and completing table number one, gave a diagram that determined the frequency of studied motifs. Then the variables were described and finally the data was analyzed by studying the sources. The aim of the upcoming research is to introduce and analyze the cut motifs of the glasses of this collection. This research was looking for an answer to the question that what designs were used in cutting the glass of the Qajar museum in Tabriz? And what are the characteristics of their visual arrays? For this purpose, samples from this collection were selected and examined. The type of basic research is descriptive-analytical with a comparative approach and collection of library and field information.
The results showed that the glass material of this collection, which was made of opaline, Cameo Glass and colorless and colored glass, as well as the high quality and elegance of their cut decorations, indicates that the said works were made in the owner's factories. The names of European countries such as France, Bohemia and Turkey have been produced according to the taste of Iranians and sent to the markets and courts of Qajar kings on the orders of Iranian businessmen and statesmen. The designs executed on them include the following: small concave circle, elongated oval, large circle or oval, muscle-shaped, wheat, grooves in the shape of nails, Mudras on the edge, checkered, as well as regular hexagonal designs, flowers and leaves, Eight-pointed star and bird. The designs used on the glass works of this collection are eclectic and most of them are influenced by the carving designs of Sassanid period as well as Iranian designs in the art of the Islamic period and the other part is taken from the style of Western art works, such as art nouveau. The mentioned works were consciously designed and executed by western artists and they have tried to harmonize their products with the cultural conditions of the society and the taste of the people of the Qajar era in order to succeed in the field of competition and sales.
The results showed that the glass material of this collection, which was made of opaline, Cameo Glass and colorless and colored glass, as well as the high quality and elegance of their cut decorations, indicates that the said works were made in the owner's factories. The names of European countries such as France, Bohemia and Turkey have been produced according to the taste of Iranians and sent to the markets and courts of Qajar kings on the orders of Iranian businessmen and statesmen. The designs executed on them include the following: small concave circle, elongated oval, large circle or oval, muscle-shaped, wheat, grooves in the shape of nails, Mudras on the edge, checkered, as well as regular hexagonal designs, flowers and leaves, Eight-pointed star and bird. The designs used on the glass works of this collection are eclectic and most of them are influenced by the carving designs of Sassanid period as well as Iranian designs in the art of the Islamic period and the other part is taken from the style of Western art works, such as art nouveau. The mentioned works were consciously designed and executed by western artists and they have tried to harmonize their products with the cultural conditions of the society and the taste of the people of the Qajar era in order to succeed in the field of competition and sales.
Type of Study: Original Research |
Subject:
2
Received: 2023/01/24 | Accepted: 2023/09/13 | Published: 2023/12/20
Received: 2023/01/24 | Accepted: 2023/09/13 | Published: 2023/12/20
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